The main technological links are summarized as follows:

Sand mold sand (including core sand) is a mixture of molding materials. According to the requirements of molding sand casting, molding materials are mixed evenly in a certain proportion. This work is called sand matching.

Molding sand is usually composed of sand and binder. Sand is high temperature resistant material, is the main body of molding sand. The binder is used to bond the sand particles together. The most widely used binder is clay. Sometimes in order to meet some of the performance requirements, the sand also added other modeling materials, such as coal powder, technical debris, etc. The properties of molding sand have great influence on the output and quality of casting. For example, the plastic sand is not good, it is not easy to get a clear cavity; The strength of molding sand is not high, it is easy to damage in the process of lifting and handling, in the pouring process of sand washing; Due to the poor air permeability of molding sand, a large amount of gas generated in the pouring process cannot be discharged in time, and these gases will enter the metal liquid and make the casting produce air holes. Molding sand is not good fire resistance, in pouring high temperature metal liquid, molding sand will be melted and bonded on the surface of the casting, forming viscous sand; The sand is not good at yielding, it will produce great resistance to the casting shrinkage after solidification, which may make the casting crack

The quality of molding materials and sand preparation will affect the performance of molding sand and the quality of casting. In production, the prepared molding sand is often measured by instruments to ensure the adhesion requirements of molding sand. Relatively handy examine a method, grab arenaceous with the hand, the performance such as plasticity of the intensity that expresses arenaceous, after pinching, if arenaceous group is not loose and do not stick a hand, handprint is clear, when breaking it, section formation is even, it is better.
Molding the use of molds or other methods to make the required sand mold, this work is called molding. In practical production, the shape, size and technical requirements of castings vary greatly, so the molding methods are varied.

Smelting the melting of solid metal charges into liquid alloys of certain composition and temperature. This work is called smelting. In the foundry shop, there are many types of furnace for smelting metal, such as cupola, electric furnace, boiler, etc. The most widely used furnace for smelting cast iron is the cupola.

The cupola furnace wall is made of refractory materials, surrounded by steel shell. The metal charge and coke are added to the furnace in batches from the charging port in a certain proportion. Air from the blower enters the furnace through the bellows and air intakes at the bottom of the furnace. The heat released by burning coke melts the metal charge. Molten iron is stored in the bottom of the furnace or in front of the furnace. When a certain amount of molten iron is accumulated, the clay plug in the iron outlet is cut off. Then the molten iron flows out and flows into the molten iron ladle through the iron outlet. In smelting, it is necessary to control the concentration and temperature of the metal, otherwise it will produce batches of waste products.

Pouring at the right temperature and speed, the required metal solution is poured into the sand mold. This is called pouring. Pouring is done through the ladle. When pouring, the ladle should be close to the gate, not too high, or the metal liquid will spill out from the gate; Keep the gate filled to prevent slag (garbage) from entering the mold for a long time and causing slag inclusion defects in the casting.

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